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When relations between the West and Russia were bad, but not so bad: Russian President Vladimir Putin arrives for the U.S. – Russia Summit in 2021 in Switzerland. Mikhail Svetlov | Getty Images News | Getty Images

A U.S. infantryman at a combined arms live fire exercise at Al-Ghalail Range in Qatar, on Nov. 14, 2018. Spc. Jovi Prevot | U.S. Army

Russian forces patrol in Mariupol, Ukraine, where the Russian Army has taken control, on April 22, 2022. “There is no end in sight to Russia’s war in Ukraine, and relations with the West will likely continue to deteriorate,” one analyst said. Leon Klein | Anadolu Agency | Getty Images

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What Is the Metaverse, Exactly?

To hear tech CEOs like Mark Zuckerberg or Satya Nadella talk about it, the metaverse is the future of the internet. Or it’s a video game. Or maybe it’s a deeply uncomfortable, worse version of Zoom? It’s hard to say.

It’s been nearly six months since Facebook announced it was rebranding to Meta and would focus its future on the upcoming “metaverse.” In the time since, what that term means hasn’t gotten any clearer. Meta is building a VR social platform, Roblox is facilitating user-generated video games, and some companies are offering up little more than broken game worlds that happen to have NFTs attached.

Advocates from niche startups to tech giants have argued that this lack of coherence is because the metaverse is still being built, and it’s too new to define what it means. The internet existed in the 1970s, for example, but not every idea of what that would eventually look like was true.

On the other hand, there’s a lot of marketing hype (and money) wrapped up in selling the idea of “the metaverse.” Facebook, in particular, is in an especially vulnerable place after Apple’s move to limit ad tracking hit the company’s bottom line. It’s impossible to separate Facebook’s vision of a future in which everyone has a digital wardrobe to swipe through from the fact that Facebook really wants to make money selling virtual clothes. But Facebook isn’t the only company that stands to financially benefit from metaverse hype.

So, with all that in mind …
Seriously, What Does “Metaverse” Mean?

To help you get a sense of how vague and complex a term “the metaverse” can be, here’s an exercise: Mentally replace the phrase “the metaverse” in a sentence with “cyberspace.” Ninety percent of the time, the meaning won’t substantially change. That’s because the term doesn’t really refer to any one specific type of technology, but rather a broad (and often speculative) shift in how we interact with technology. And it’s entirely possible that the term itself will eventually become just as antiquated, even as the specific technology it once described becomes commonplace.

Broadly speaking, the technologies companies refer to when they talk about “the metaverse” can include virtual reality—characterized by persistent virtual worlds that continue to exist even when you’re not playing—as well as augmented reality that combines aspects of the digital and physical worlds. However, it doesn’t require that those spaces be exclusively accessed via VR or AR. Virtual worlds—such as aspects of Fortnite that can be accessed through PCs, game consoles, and even phones—have started referring to themselves as “the metaverse.”

Many companies that have hopped on board the metaverse bandwagon also envision some sort of new digital economy, where users can create, buy, and sell goods. In the more idealistic visions of the metaverse, it’s interoperable, allowing you to take virtual items like clothes or cars from one platform to another, though this is harder than it sounds. While some advocates claim new technologies like NFTs can enable portable digital assets, this simply isn’t true, and bringing items from one video game or virtual world to another is an enormously complex task that no one company can solve.

It’s difficult to parse what all this means because when you hear descriptions like those above, an understandable response is, “Wait, doesn’t that exist already?” World of Warcraft, for example, is a persistent virtual world where players can buy and sell goods. Fortnite has virtual experiences like concerts and an exhibit where Rick Sanchez can learn about MLK Jr. You can strap on an Oculus headset and be in your own personal virtual home. Is that really what “the metaverse” means? Just some new kinds of video games?

Well, yes and no. Saying that Fortnite is “the metaverse” would be a bit like saying Google is “the internet.” Even if you spend large chunks of time in Fortnite, socializing, buying things, learning, and playing games, that doesn’t necessarily mean it encompasses the entire scope of what people and companies mean when they say “the metaverse.” Just as Google, which builds parts of the internet—from physical data centers to security layers—isn’t the entire internet.

Tech giants like Microsoft and Meta are working on building tech related to interacting with virtual worlds, but they’re not the only ones. Many other large companies, including Nvidia, Unity, Roblox, and even Snap—as well as a variety of smaller companies and startups—are building the infrastructure to create better virtual worlds that more closely mimic our physical life.

For example, Epic has acquired a number of companies that help create or distribute digital assets, in part to bolster its powerful Unreal Engine 5 platform. And while Unreal may be a video game platform, it’s also being used in the film industry and could make it easier for anyone to create virtual experiences. There are tangible and exciting developments in the realm of building digital worlds.

Despite this, the idea of a Ready Player One-like single unified place called “the metaverse” is still largely impossible. That is in part because such a world requires companies to cooperate in a way that simply isn’t profitable or desirable—Fortnite doesn’t have much motivation to give players a portal to jump straight over to World of Warcraft, even if it were easy to do so, for example—and partially because the raw computing power needed for such a concept could be much further away than we think.

This inconvenient fact has given rise to slightly different terminology. Now many companies or advocates instead refer to any single game or platform as “a metaverse.” By this definition, anything from a VR concert app to a video game would count as a “metaverse.” Some take it further, calling the collection of various metaverses a “multiverse of metaverses.” Or maybe we’re living in a “hybrid-verse.”

Or these words can mean anything at all. Coca-Cola launched a “flavor born in the metaverse” alongside a Fortnite tie-in mini-game. There are no rules.

It’s at this point that most discussions of what the metaverse entails start to stall. We have a vague sense of what things currently exist that we could kind of call the metaverse if we massage the definition of words the right way. And we know which companies are investing in the idea, but after months, there’s nothing approaching agreement on what it is. Meta thinks it will include fake houses you can invite all your friends to hang out in. Microsoft seems to think it could involve virtual meeting rooms to train new hires or chat with your remote coworkers.

The pitches for these visions of the future range from optimistic to outright fan fiction. At one point during Meta’s original presentation on the metaverse, the company showed a scenario in which a young woman is sitting on her couch scrolling through Instagram when she sees a video a friend posted of a concert that’s happening halfway across the world.

The video then cuts to the concert, where the woman appears in an Avengers-style hologram. She’s able to make eye contact with her friend who is physically there, they’re both able to hear the concert, and they can see floating text hovering above the stage. This seems cool, but it’s not really advertising a real product, or even a possible future one. In fact, it brings us to the biggest problem with “the metaverse.”
Why Does the Metaverse Involve Holograms?

When the internet first arrived, it started with a series of technological innovations, like the ability to let computers talk to each other over great distances or the ability to hyperlink from one web page to another. These technical features were the building blocks that were then used to make the abstract structures we know the internet for: websites, apps, social networks, and everything else that relies on those core elements. And that’s to say nothing of the convergence of the interface innovations that aren’t strictly part of the internet but are still necessary to make it work, such as displays, keyboards, mice, and touchscreens.

With the metaverse, there are some new building blocks in place, like the ability to host hundreds of people in a single instance of a server (idealistic metaverse predictions suppose this will grow to thousands or even millions of people at once, but this might be overly optimistic), or motion-tracking tools that can distinguish where a person is looking or where their hands are. These new technologies can be very exciting and feel futuristic.

However, there are limitations that may be impossible to overcome. When tech companies like Microsoft or Meta show fictionalized videos of their visions of the future, they frequently tend to gloss over just how people will interact with the metaverse. VR headsets are still very clunky, and most people experience motion sickness or physical pain if they wear them for too long. Augmented reality glasses face a similar problem, on top of the not-insignificant issue of figuring out how people can wear them around in public without looking like huge dorks. And then there are the accessibility challenges of VR that many companies are shrugging off for now.

So, how do tech companies show off the idea of their technology without showing the reality of bulky headsets and dorky glasses? So far, their primary solution seems to be to simply fabricate technology from whole cloth. The holographic woman from Meta’s presentation? I hate to shatter the illusion, but it’s simply not possible with even very advanced versions of existing technology.

Unlike motion-tracked digital avatars, which are kind of janky right now but could be better someday, there’s no janky version of making a three-dimensional picture appear in midair without tightly controlled circumstances. No matter what Iron Man tells you. Perhaps these are meant to be interpreted as images projected via glasses—both women in the demo video are wearing similar glasses, after all—but even that assumes a lot about the physical capabilities of compact glasses, which Snap can tell you isn’t a simple problem to solve.

This kind of glossing over reality occurs frequently in video demos of how the metaverse could work. Another of Meta’s demos showed characters floating in space—is this person strapped to an immersive aerial rig or are they just sitting at a desk? A person represented by a hologram—do they have a headset on, and if so how is their face being scanned? And at points, a person grabs virtual items but then holds those objects in what seems to be their physical hands.

This demo raises so many more questions than it answers.

To a limited extent, this is fine. Microsoft, Meta, and every other company that shows wild demos like this are trying to give an artistic impression of what the future could be, not necessarily account for every technical question. It’s a time-honored tradition going back to AT&T’s demo of a voice-controlled foldable phone that could magically erase people from images and generate 3D models, all of which might’ve seemed similarly impossible at the time.

However, the last several months of metaverse pitches—from tech giants and startups alike—have relied heavily on lofty visions that break from reality. Chipotle’s “metaverse” was an ad disguised as a Roblox video game. Stories about scarce “real estate” in “the metaverse” refer to little more than a buggy video game with virtual land tokens (which also glosses over the very real security and privacy issues with most popular NFTs right now).

The confusion and disappointment surrounding most “metaverse” projects are so pervasive that when a video from 2017 of a Walmart VR shopping demo started trending again in January 2022, people immediately thought it was yet another metaverse demo. It also helped demonstrate how much of the current metaverse discussion is built on hype alone. Walmart’s VR shopping demo obviously never went anywhere (and for good reason). So why should anyone believe that it’s the future when Chipotle does it?

This kind of wishful-thinking-as-tech-demo leaves us in a place where it’s hard to pinpoint which aspects of the various visions of the metaverse (if any) will actually be real one day. If VR and AR headsets become comfortable and cheap enough for people to wear on a daily basis—a substantial “if”—then perhaps a virtual poker game with your friends as robots and holograms and floating in space could be somewhat close to reality. If not, well you could always play Tabletop Simulator on a Discord video call.

The flashiness of VR and AR also obscure the more mundane ways that our existing, interconnected digital world could be improved right now. It would be trivial for tech companies to invent, say, an open digital avatar standard, a type of file that includes characteristics you might enter into a character creator—like eye color, hairstyle, or clothing options—and let you take that data everywhere, to be interpreted by a game engine however it chooses. There’s no need to build a more comfortable VR headset for that.

But that’s not as fun to imagine.
What’s the Metaverse Like Right Now?

The paradox of defining the metaverse is that in order for it to be the future, you have to define away the present. We already have MMOs that are essentially entire virtual worlds, digital concerts, video calls with people from all over the world, online avatars, and commerce platforms. So in order to sell these things as a new vision of the world, there has to be some element of it that’s new.

Spend enough time having discussions about the metaverse and someone will inevitably (and exhaustingly) reference fictional stories like Snow Crash—the 1992 novel that coined the term “metaverse”—or Ready Player One, which depicts a VR world where everyone works, plays, and shops. Combined with the general pop culture idea of holograms and heads-up displays (basically anything Iron Man has used in his last 10 movies) these stories serve as an imaginative reference point for what the metaverse—a metaverse that tech companies might actually sell as something new—could look like.

Mentally replace the phrase “the metaverse” in a sentence with “cyberspace.” Ninety percent of the time, the meaning won’t substantially change.

That kind of hype is arguably more vital to the idea of the metaverse than any specific technology. It’s no wonder, then, that people promoting things like NFTs—cryptographic tokens that can serve as certificates of ownership of a digital item, sort of—are also latching onto the idea of the metaverse. Sure, NFTs are bad for the environment and the public blockchains most are built on come with massive privacy and security problems, but if a tech company can argue that they’ll be the digital key to your virtual mansion in Roblox, then boom. You’ve just transformed your hobby of buying memes into a crucial piece of infrastructure for the future of the internet (and possibly raised the value of all that cryptocurrency you’re holding.)

It’s important to keep all this context in mind because while it’s tempting to compare the proto-metaverse ideas we have today to the early internet and assume everything will get better and progress in a linear fashion, that’s not a given. There’s no guarantee people will even want to hang out sans legs in a virtual office or play poker with Dreamworks Mark Zuckerberg, much less that VR and AR tech will ever become seamless enough to be as common as smartphones and computers are today.

In the months since Facebook’s rebrand, the concept of “the metaverse” has served as a powerful vehicle for repackaging old tech, overselling the benefits of new tech, and capturing the imagination of speculative investors. But money pouring into a space doesn’t necessarily mean a massive paradigm shift is right around the corner, as everything from 3D TVs to Amazon’s delivery drones and Google Glass can attest. The history of tech is littered with the skeletons of failed investments.

That doesn’t mean there’s nothing cool on the horizon. VR headsets like the Quest 2 are cheaper than ever and finally weaning off of expensive desktop or console rigs. Video games and other virtual worlds are getting easier to build and design. And personally, I think the advances in photogrammetry—the process of creating digital 3D objects out of photos or video—is an incredibly cool tool for digital artists.

But to a certain extent, the tech industry writ large depends on futurism. Selling a phone is fine, but selling the future is more profitable. In reality, it may be the case that any real “metaverse” would be little more than some cool VR games and digital avatars in Zoom calls, but mostly just something we still think of as the internet.

4/25/2022: This story has been updated with additional reporting

The post What Is the Metaverse, Exactly? first appeared on MemberForex.

Key Points

• The euro zone faces concurrent economic shocks from the war in Ukraine and a surge in food and energy prices exacerbated by the conflict, along with a supply shock from China’s zero-Covid policy.
• Stefan Hartung, CEO of German engineering and technology giant Bosch, told CNBC that the company sees “a big recession in the making.”

Top European CEOs are fearing a euro zone recession as a confluence of economic shocks continues to threaten the outlook for the bloc. Alex Kraus | Bloomberg | Getty Images

LONDON — The CEOs of several European blue chip companies have told CNBC that they see a significant recession coming down the pike in Europe.

The continent is particularly vulnerable to the fallout from the Russia-Ukraine war, associated economic sanctions and energy supply concerns, and economists have been downgrading growth forecasts for the euro zone in recent weeks.

The euro zone faces concurrent economic shocks from the war in Ukraine and a surge in food and energy prices exacerbated by the conflict, along with a supply shock arising from China’s zero-Covid policy. That has prompted concerns about “stagflation” — an environment of low economic growth and high inflation — and eventual recession.

“For sure, we see a big recession in the making, but that’s exactly what we see — it’s in the making. There is still an overhanging demand because of the Covid crisis we just are about to leave,” said Stefan Hartung, CEO of German engineering and technology giant Bosch.

“It’s still there and you see it heavily hitting us in China, but you see that in a lot of areas in the world, the demand of consumers has already even been increased in some areas.”

In particular, Hartung noted lingering consumer demand for household appliances, power tools and vehicles, but suggested this would dissipate.

“That means for a certain amount of time, this demand will still be there, even while we see the interest increase and we see the pricing increase, but at some point in time, it won’t be just a supply crisis, it will also be a demand crisis, and then for sure, we are in a deep recession,” he added.

Inflation in the euro zone hit a record high of 7.5% in March. So far, the European Central Bank has remained more dovish than its peers, such as the Bank of England and the U.S. Federal Reserve, both of which have begun hiking interest rates in a bid to rein in inflation.

However, the ECB now expects to conclude net asset purchases under its APP (asset purchase program) in the third quarter, after which it will have room to begin monetary tightening, depending on the economic outlook.

Berenberg Chief Economist Holger Schmieding said in a note Friday that near-term risks to economic growth are tilted to the downside in Europe.

“Worsening Chinese lockdowns and cautious consumer spending in reaction to high energy and food prices could easily cause a temporary contraction in Eurozone GDP in Q2,” Schmieding said.

“An immediate embargo on gas imports from Russia (highly unlikely) could turn that into a more serious recession. If the Fed gets it badly wrong and catapults the U.S. straight from boom to bust (unlikely but not fully impossible), such a recession could last well into next year.”

Yet Schmieding suggested that the euro zone is likely to enter recession only “if worse came to worst,” and that it isn’t a base expectation.

Mark Branson, president of German financial regulator BaFin, said any military escalation in Ukraine or further energy supply disruption could pose serious risks to growth in Europe’s largest economy, with industrial sectors particularly vulnerable.

“We’re already seeing that growth is down to around zero in many jurisdictions, including here, and it’s vulnerable. It’s also vulnerable from the ongoing Covid-related shocks,” he said.

“We’ve got inflation that’s going to need to be tackled, and it’s going to need to be tackled now, so that’s a cocktail which is difficult for the economy.”

‘Challenging business environment’

Slawomir Krupa, deputy CEO at Societe Generale, told CNBC on Thursday that the French lender is monitoring the macroeconomic picture closely.

“It’s obviously a fundamental piece of news for the macroeconomic context and the triggered inflation feedback loop between the energy shock – which was already going on before the war in Ukraine – you have the inflation expectation rising and the risk of a final, fundamental impact on the macroeconomy into a recession,” he said, adding that this would potentially affect “the entire system, and (SocGen) as well.”

Ola Kallenius, CEO of Mercedes-Benz, also told CNBC last week that the situation in China and the Ukraine war are making for a “challenging business environment” for the German luxury automaker in three distinct ways.

“On the one hand, we have the ongoing shortages mainly associated with semiconductors. On top of that, there are now new lockdowns in China, our biggest market, which will affect us in China but also can affect supply chains across the world, and in addition to that, of course, the Ukraine war, so the business environment is challenging,” he explained.

His comments were echoed by Volkswagen CEO Herbert Diess, who told CNBC on Thursday that the company also faced a “challenging environment” from Covid, the chip shortage and the war in Ukraine in the first quarter.

Maersk CEO Soren Skou said Thursday that the world’s largest shipping company is also keeping an eye on recession risks, particularly in the United States, but does not expect those to come to the fore until late 2022 or early 2023.

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The post We see a big recession in the making : Top CEOs are fearing the worst in Europe first appeared on MemberForex.

The post Inflation barreled ahead at 8.3% in April from a year ago, remaining near 40-year highs first appeared on MemberForex.

“Special Indicator Cross Swing” is a trend following indicator. It’s a 100% non-repaint forex indicator and its accuracy reaches 95-98%. This trading tool is perfect for scalping and swing trading but it can be also successfully used as a filter in other forex strategies. It consists of two lines that work in a similar manner to the moving averages but it has a secret ingredient. Just load it to your chart and you will see how smooth and profitable signals it gives. You will rarely see any fake signals. Simply look for buy trades when both lines are blue. Similarly, look for sell trades when both lines are red, yellow as filter range signal buy or sell.

“Special Indicator Cross Swing” fits all kinds of timeframes and currency pairs. It is displayed in a separate window placed just below the main trading chart. The default settings can be modified directly from the input tab. Feel free to experiment with the settings and parameters to fit your personal preferences.

is a trend momentum trading system based only on two indicators one of trend direction (based on smooth moving averages) and one of timing based on RSI. The idea of this strategy comes from other platform systems for day trading.

“Special Indicator Cross Swing” it can only be used at 1 min time frame. Buy – Blue dots (entry on retracement), Sell – Red dots entry on the retracement of the price. Yellow As Filter range area Cross signal To Close And Open.

How to set up “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4 “?

Installation Guide

• File “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4” indicator
• File “memberforexcrossswing.ex4”, library
• File “# Swing cross memberforex dot com White”. templates

Download “Special Indicator Cross Swing”  at the bottom of this post, then copy and paste File “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4” indicator files into the MQL4 folder of the Metatrader 4 trading platform. File > Open Data Folder > MQL4 > Indicators (paste here)..

Copy paste File “memberforexcrossswing.ex4”, into folder library. File > Open Data Folder > MQL4 > Libraries.

Copy paste File “# Swing cross memberforex dot com White”, into folder templates.

You can gain access to this folder by clicking the top menu options, which goes as follows:

Now go to the left side of your MT4 terminal. In the Navigator find the gauge name File “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.“, right-click it and select Attach to the chart. or right-click it and select templates “# Swing cross memberforex dot com White”

How to Use It “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4 “?

• Time Frame 1 min, 5 min, scalping short term and H1 H4 Swing Trend, make sure you understand this caracter, need a while time process to understand, remember impact fundamental volatily make fake all technical analisy, soo, better trading low impact day not friday or event news.
• Currency pairs Majors and minors
• Sessions: Asia & London and New York (high volatily). we use another filter “Hierarki Zone Dealer” here

Signal Buy & Signal Sell

Buy Signal & Exit Close Buy

Buy & Sell Signal & Exit Close Buy & Sell

Signal Sell

Trading rules “Special Indicator Cross Swing” with Time Frame 1 minute, 5 minute or higher

Trades only in direction of the trend:

• Trend up= Blue dots – Buy Signal
• Trend down = red dots – Sell Signal
• And last, Filter Area Cross, Open & Close position = Yellow dots

Place initial stop loss  & pips above below the entry bar.

Trading rules “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4”, For1 min scalping

You can use this method with other time frame.

Buy, Blue dots, entry in the market at the first retracement of the price, You can use fibonacci retracement.

Sell, Red dots, entry in the market at the first retracement of the price, You can use fibonacci retracement.

Exit position when “Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4” indicator cross line yellow or changes cross direction (Blue Colour and Red Colour) or with predetermined profit target that dependes by currency pairs and volatility of the pair (for example EUR/USD 10 pips, USD/JPY 12 pips, EUR/JPY 13 pips, GBP/USD 15 pips.)

Key Note

“Special Indicator Cross Swing MemberForex.ex4” is well worth adding to your trading collection. A good forex indicator will most probably enhance your chance of success. Nonetheless, remember about having realistic expectations. Just like any other technical analysis tool, is not capable of providing accurate signals 100% of the time. Thus, this forex indicator provides false signals occasionally. Its performance will vary significantly depending on market conditions. Feel it to develop our own trading system based around it. Don’t forget that we still have more great free and premium Bot Trading indicators/Expert Advisor.

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There’s a common misconception that introverts have to mimic stereotypically extroverted personalities to succeed: Be outspoken, always raise your hand and command a room.

But the most successful introverts actually get ahead by avoiding those situations entirely, and building environments where they can contribute in more comfortable ways, says Jevonya Allen, a self-described introvert and author of “The Introvert’s Guide to Becoming a Master Networker.”

“If you know that you prefer smaller settings, you might not want to apply for a job at a large corporation,” Allen says. “If you’re on a team and you notice that they expect you to speak, you might want to talk to your boss about how you can submit your thoughts in writing [instead].”

The concept is applicable in almost any workplace and most regular-life situations. The most daunting part might be opting out of extrovert-friendly situations without bothering anyone else, Allen says.

At work, you can ease the pressure by having a private conversation with your manager. Allen’s advice: Come prepared with clear examples of situations you’d like to avoid, how you’d like to contribute instead and why it’ll make you both happier and more productive.

Preparing those details ahead of time can make all the difference. “We [introverts] have to first of all understand how we show up,” Allen says. “Then you can tailor your environment to fit. That’s what helps us thrive.”

You can use a similar strategy to more gracefully navigate social situations, too.

Take former Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer, who found that events and social gatherings frayed her nerves and grated at her naturally shy demeanor, she told Vogue in 2013.

Ahead of landing the Yahoo role in 2012, the beginning of a controversial five-year run at the company’s helm, Mayer developed a tactic to keep herself from fleeing rooms full of strangers. “I will literally look at my watch and say, ’You can’t leave until time X. And if you’re still having a terrible time at time X, you can leave,” she said.

For those who need help figuring out how to tailor other parts of their lives in a more introvert-friendly way, Allen has a simple recommendation: “Take some of those online personality tests.”

Specifically, she recommends the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator for anyone who wants to gauge just how introverted they are, and a DiSC assessment if you want help figuring out how to best communicate with the people around you.

Notably, the scientific validity of both tests has been hotly contested over the years. In this context, you’re merely using the results as an informational tool, Allen says — data points that can help you figure out the best path forward.

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The post The No. 1 skill that sets successful introverts apart from most other people: It’s ‘what helps us thrive’ first appeared on MemberForex.

An asset’s liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold. Within the financial markets, the term often relates to the rapid conversion of a financial security to usable cash, since cash is considered the most liquid asset. By extension, market liquidity measures the speed that trade can execute without causing any change to the underlying market price. As a result, market liquidity is highly important to Forex markets, where buying and selling a currency pair won’t create significant price movement of the currency itself.

Market Liquidity Explained

Tangible stores of value such as property, collectibles, goods and vehicles are all difficult to buy or sell relative to cash. Each financial vehicle falls on a different location of the liquidity spectrum, with illiquid assets representing the hardest to trade.

On the other hand, liquid assets with rapid trade times (like securities) can trade hands multiple times a day with transaction volumes well into the millions. Such trading speed is of particular importance for brokers and market makers, as without a seamless volume of trades, market function decreases. Liquidity allows for prices to better reflect the ebbs and flows of supply and demand, and market makers can charge a spread on the bid-ask price (or even provide liquidity to clients as the market demands). Liquid assets by nature can transact with ease, and that keeps prices stable for a more active and safe market.

Without liquidity, brokers can run into trouble due to the possibility of drastic price fluctuations. Since illiquid assets are hard to exchange, market activity mutes and bid-ask spreads widen. Even if the item is of immense value (e.g. rare collectibles), the lengthy sale process results in few interested buyers. The asset is hard to sell and the market participants are limited, so pressure builds on the seller to price the item at a discount. The very act of trading an illiquid asset can lower its accepted price, even beyond the expected book value. A lack of depth in the market causes losses and makes for a disordered market.

The Importance of Market Liquidity

Market liquidity is important because it decreases risk.

If there are no buyers for a particular asset, its cash value becomes irrelevant. It does not matter if it is a stock or an art piece, without a trading partner, the item can return no wealth. Immense illiquidity introduces trade risk.

Investors are wary of that liquidity risk and seek financial vehicles with plenty of active buyers and sellers. Brokers do well by finding or supplying such liquidity to their customers, contributing to the growth of the market itself. The larger the number of players in the field, the higher the likelihood you can supply investment opportunities to clients at prices they are willing to accept.

High market liquidity also lowers overall costs, for both brokers and clients. If there is an imbalance of supply and demand, the difference between what investors will bid and what a seller asks widens. The few interested participants in a particular asset cannot agree on the price, so trade execution time extends. Costs increase, hurting all market players.

Conversely, with high market liquidity, numerous buyers and sellers can execute transactions. Any seller can rapidly turn to buy a currency without it affecting price stability. High market liquidity and the presence of many buyers make price adjustments due to trading occurring in small increments.

How Liquidity Affects Asset Value

If investors feel like the costs to trade or acquire a currency are too high, they will shift to more promising ventures. For example, slow order routing, brokerage commissions and settlement costs can all prevent active capital allocation. For brokers and market makers, a lack of activity decreases trade volume, lower commission values or adds on liquidity premiums. Growth for markets and organizations slows, hurting profits.

With that knowledge, governments, businesses and market makers all attempt to create an efficient market structure. Investors will always weigh the costs of not filing a trade with the ease of a transaction, a smooth equity market flow created by liquidity protects asset values and investor security.

STP Vs Market Maker

Forex transactions are highly liquid and occur Over-the-Counter (OTC) with traders across the world. As a result, the main market participants are liquidity providers and major banks. FX Brokers have a choice of executing investor trades with the market participants (known as the interbank market) through two models, Straight Through Processing (STP) or Market Maker.

STP works through a connected electronic system where the broker has no direct impact on the execution of an order. All bids or asks deliver to a central, liquid pool that competes to complete trades. As a result, trades execute quickly, and brokers take on limited risk. Money is earned on trading turnover, and brokers can select from a variety of liquidity pools that offer the best (and most accurate) currency prices.

Market makers bring the actual market liquidity to their clients. The market maker will buy and sell currency on the open market and deliver that to investors. This often requires the broker to take the opposite side of the trade, meaning they make earnings off of client losses. In a highly liquid market, when the client buys, the market maker sells, though the market maker decides at what prices orders are filled. As a result, currency price movements are often more stable with Market Maker brokers.

Both methods make a market and supply liquidity to investors who want to make purchases. The ideal method will depend on preference and risk tolerance, MM can make more money, but STP is more trusted and executed faster.

Measuring Market Liquidity

Market liquidity is not a fixed value, so brokers can measure overall market activity by referring to three key indicators:

Trading Volume – Trading volume refers to the amount of a particular security that transacts over a set period of time. A high volume of trades indicates the presence of numerous buyers and sellers who could make trades with ease.

Bid/Ask Spreads – The Bid/Ask spread measures the difference in price agreement between a buyer and a seller for a particular asset. The similarity, in the bid and ask prices infers faster transaction speeds with better price stability.

Turnover Ratios – Turnover ratios refer to how often an asset trades against the total number of available shares. If a particular company has little stock turnover combined with a large amount of leftover stock, investors assume it is unpopular. Supply is too high, so it will be hard to sell the stock at a later date, even if the stock increases in value.

The Most Liquid Markets

Where can brokers find market liquidity? Cash and cash equivalents remain the most liquid asset class because they can buy almost any goods and services. All other asset classes are defined relative to their conversion to cash, with marketable securities as the most liquid.

● Forex: Governments, banks and major investment groups all engage at scale on the Forex markets. Foreign reserves back liabilities and foreign policy, resulting in a daily volume of around $6.6 Trillion.
● Stocks: Different markets, exchanges and indexes all support a variety of options on the liquidity spectrum. On average, the support structures in equities offer rapid execution and high trade volume, especially for large-cap stocks.
● Commodities: While commodities are quite illiquid due to their relation to a physical resource, financial instruments (e.g. derivatives) can create market liquidity. Commodities with routine application in daily life (oil, gold and other precious metals) maintain high levels of liquidity.

Conclusion

For brokers, especially in Forex markets, liquidity is a necessity, as even though the asset can transact quickly, limited financial institutions and liquidity pools can limit your ease of entering or exiting a trade (currency pair). Active currency pairs such as GBP/USD or USD/JPY have extended liquidity, allowing for easy buying and selling without any drastic effect on price. Brokers would do well to watch for price gaps or widening bid/ask spreads as signs of muted market activity and the threat of illiquidity.

source https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/education-centre/understanding-liquidity-and-market-liquidity/?tg=1657794987

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Elon musk’s father owned an emerald mine in apartheid South Africa-MONEY
Jeff Bezos started Amazon with 300,000 dollars that he got from his parents and from his rich friends-MONEY

Bill Gate’s mum sat on the same board as the CEO of IBM and convinced him to take a risk on her son’s new company- Connection.

Mark Zukerbeg was attending one of the best universities in the world, Harvard. he dropped out to focus on Facebook and he was given the opportunity to showcase what he had- working system

Warren Buffett is the son of a powerful congressman who owned an investment company-family background.

The fact is, it’s harder for a person who has no connection, no money, no family support, or a working system to make it than a person who has one or even all of these.

Even Dangote isn’t from a poor home. His grandfather, Dantata was once one of the richest men in Nigeria- Foundation.

My point exactly is, the only thing you have is education, why exactly are you motivating yourself with “most of the world richest men are school dropouts”?

Firstly, only 0.7 percent of world richest people are dropouts but have you even considered what the system is like and what they drop out for?

Mark Zukerbeg dropped out because he had built facebook, he had been given a platform to showcase it and he needed to concentrate.
He didn’t drop out because of carryovers or bad behaviours, or no school fees, etc.

They dropped out to focus. They were one of the brightest in their various classes. You are using basket to pack numerous carryovers every semester in uniben, and you want to motivate yourself with the story of brilliant people who dropped out of Harvard, really?

See, the only thing you have is education. Why not try as much as you can to make the best of it?
Education is very important, it’s no scam. You don’t just get education from schooling. You connects with people, make friends and you are even more opened to opportunities while in school. Why are you like this?

Focus, my dear.
You have no connection,
You have no money,
You have no family support,
You have no working system,
But, the only thing you have is education and you are taking it for granted?
Really?

LAST THING

The most important and very important thing is that you have ALLAH as Only GOD, you have faith, destiny can change by your belief, of course, start with effort and hard work accompanied by knowledge of course.

Focus on living, improving your knowledge, always learning from shortcomings and mistakes. Then improve your relationship with humans and help and share with humans is a unique secret way that ALLAH will help you in the future.

Think about it.

Kinds Regards

Telegram @BudimanCahyo | Channel @MemberForexOfficial, @RobotForex

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has altered many industries, including personal finance. The incorporation of AI technologies has transformed how people manage their finances, make investment decisions, and plan for the future. In this article, we will look at the substantial impact of AI on personal finance, including its applications, benefits, and potential to shape the financial landscape.

Financial Management Automation

Individuals’ financial management activities have been automated and simplified thanks to AI-powered personal finance applications. These applications can track income, expenses, and financial transactions, providing users with real-time information about their financial health. AI platforms may categorize expenses, make budgets, and even recommend individualized financial strategies based on individual spending patterns by applying machine learning algorithms. This automation saves time while also encouraging improved financial discipline and planning.

Intelligent Financial Suggestions

AI algorithms are capable of analyzing massive volumes of financial data in order to deliver personalized recommendations and insights. AI-powered financial platforms can give personalized investment strategies and portfolio suggestions by assessing historical spending patterns, investment performance, and market movements. Individuals may make informed decisions and optimize their investment results by taking their risk tolerance and financial goals into consideration with this intelligent advice.

Improved Detection and Security of Fraud

Security is a major problem in personal finance, and artificial intelligence has dramatically improved fraud detection and prevention techniques. AI systems may monitor fraudulent activity patterns and find anomalies in real time, allowing for the early detection and mitigation of fraudulent transactions.

Furthermore, AI-powered authentication technologies like biometric recognition and speech recognition give an extra layer of security, making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to access personal financial information.

Virtual Assistants that are Intelligent

AI-powered virtual assistants, such as chatbots, are becoming more common in personal finance apps. These intelligent assistants can answer questions, offer financial advice, and help with a variety of financial activities. Users can communicate with these virtual assistants via voice commands or text messages, and they will receive immediate responses and instruction. AI-powered virtual assistants provide individualized assistance, allowing people to handle their accounts more efficiently and comfortably.

Financial Planning Using Predictive Analytics

Artificial intelligence systems excel in predictive analytics, allowing users to make data-driven financial decisions. AI can forecast future financial scenarios and provide insights into prospective risks and opportunities by evaluating previous data and market trends. Individuals can use this to create complete financial plans, set realistic goals, and make informed investment selections based on projected market conditions.

Investment Management Automation

AI-powered investment systems, sometimes known as robo-advisors, have grown in popularity in recent years. These systems use artificial intelligence algorithms to build and manage investment portfolios depending on users’ financial goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. Robo-advisors provide cost-effective and accessible investing solutions by automating investment processes, reducing the need for substantial financial knowledge or large money. This democratization of investment management has allowed more people to engage in the financial markets.

Personalized Credit Evaluation and Loan Approval

The traditional credit evaluation and loan approval processes have been changed by artificial intelligence. AI algorithms can give more accurate and personalized credit assessments by assessing an individual’s financial data, spending habits, and credit history. This allows lenders to make more informed and timely decisions, while consumers benefit from greater credit availability and loan approval rates.

Continuous Improvement and Adaptation

One of AI’s primary capabilities is its capacity to learn and adapt based on human behavior and input. As more data is collected, AI-powered personal finance platforms can update their algorithms, delivering more accurate recommendations and insights. Because AI systems are flexible, their financial advice and services are always improving and remaining relevant in a quickly changing financial landscape.

The downsides of using AI for personal finance

While AI-powered tools and algorithms can provide valuable insights and assistance, it is important to recognize the limitations and the significance of human involvement in managing one’s financial well-being.

Personal finance is not only about making specific decisions but also about building financial knowledge and empowering individuals to take control of their own finances. Relying solely on AI can create a passive approach, where individuals may become detached from understanding the intricacies of their financial situation. Human advisors play a crucial role in educating and empowering individuals, providing financial literacy, and fostering a deeper understanding of personal finance concepts. Through ongoing communication and collaboration, individuals can develop the skills and confidence to make informed financial decisions independently.

Another critical aspect of personal finance is understanding and managing emotions related to money. AI lacks the ability to comprehend and address human emotions effectively. Financial decisions often involve complex factors influenced by personal circumstances, values, and goals. The human element brings empathy, intuition, and emotional intelligence to the table, allowing individuals to make financial choices that align with their unique needs and aspirations.

Moreover, AI operates on data analysis and algorithms, which can limit its ability to understand the broader context surrounding personal financial situations. Factors such as cultural influences, family dynamics, and life events can significantly impact financial decisions. Human financial advisors possess the ability to consider these contextual elements, offer personalized advice, and adapt strategies accordingly. They can take into account nuances that AI may overlook, ensuring that financial plans align with individual circumstances.

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence has ushered in a new era of personal finance, providing consumers with intelligent tools and insights to help them better manage their finances. AI has altered the way people approach their financial goals, from automated financial management and tailored investment suggestions to increased security measures and predictive analytics. We may expect ever more sophisticated applications in personal finance as AI technologies evolve, paving the door for a more inclusive and informed financial future.

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